Which method is appropriate for rewarming superficial frostbite?

• A. Immersing in water at room temperature
• B. Rubbing vigorously
• C. Using dry heat
• D. Placing tissue against another person's warm skin

Answer: (D)

Rewarming frostbitten tissue should be done with gentle, gradual heat to restore circulation without causing further injury. The preferred method is warm water immersion around 37–39°C (98–102°F) for about 15–30 minutes, as this provides even warming and helps reduce tissue damage. Rubbing the area is dangerous because frostbitten skin is numb and easily injured, and vigorous rubbing can tear tissue. Using dry heat, like a heating pad or hot water bottle, can burn the damaged tissue since sensation is reduced. When a warm water bath isn’t available, using body heat by placing the affected tissue against another person’s warm skin is a reasonable alternative that allows gradual, gentle warming. It’s important to avoid overheating and to seek medical care if needed, especially if signs of more severe injury appear or refreezing risk exists.