Which electrical modality is commonly used for muscle strengthening?

• A. NMES
• B. Medium frequency Russian
• C. Therapeutic exercise
• D. Ultrasound

Answer: (B)

This question focuses on which electrical approach is typically chosen to induce stronger muscle contractions for strengthening. The medium-frequency Russian current is a form of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) that uses a carrier frequency around 2,500 Hz. Because this higher frequency passes through the skin with less impedance, you can deliver higher peak currents with less discomfort. The current is delivered in burst-modulated on/off cycles, which produces robust tetanic contractions while giving the muscle brief recovery periods. This combination often yields stronger, more tolerable contractions than lower-frequency NMES, making it a common choice for strengthening programs, especially when muscle weakness or atrophy is present.