Chronic ankle instability is characterized by which combination?

• A. Decreased laxity, improved dorsiflexion ROM, strong leg and hip
• B. Normal postural control
• C. Enhanced balance and stability
• D. Increased laxity, impaired DF ROM, deficient leg and hip strength, and diminished postural control

Answer: (D)

Chronic ankle instability involves both structural looseness and functional control problems that together impair balance and movement. When the ankle is prone to giving way after repeated sprains, the ligaments become more lax, which is the structural side of instability. At the same time, the joint often shows reduced dorsiflexion range of motion due to stiffness or scar tissue, and the muscles around the leg and hip may be weaker, compromising dynamic stability. Proprioception and neuromuscular control are typically diminished, leading to poorer postural control and balance.

The combination described—increased laxity, impaired dorsiflexion ROM, weaker leg and hip strength, and reduced postural control—fits this picture best, reflecting both the mechanical and functional aspects of chronic ankle instability. Other options describe a more stable system (decreased laxity, better ROM, stronger proximal muscles, normal or enhanced postural control), which does not align with the unstable pattern.